\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a> <\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb th\u00ec m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span><\/p>\nH\u01b0 t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\nH\u01b0 t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong c\u00e2u t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eeb l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u s\u1eafp n\u00f3i.<\/span><\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang c\u00e2u c\u00e1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4ng b\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng nay r\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/p>\nH\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111ang\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e3\u201d.<\/strong> Hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2u cho ta bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u<\/span><\/h2>\nTrong ti\u1ebfng Anh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00fac t\u1eeb. T\u00fac t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1eef. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef, b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef, tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef, bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef,\u2026 C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2u tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc : Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef, v\u1ecb ng\u1eef, b\u1ed5 ng\u1eef, tr\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef. Ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1eef b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\nNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/h2>\nTi\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nam \u00c1, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u00f4n-Khmer. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng 8 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/span><\/p>\nNgo\u00e0i ra, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XI, ch\u1eef nho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Nho. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u1edf ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n hay c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. B\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 27 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 6 d\u1ea5u thanh.<\/span><\/p>\n