{"id":6058,"date":"2020-05-11T19:01:15","date_gmt":"2020-05-11T12:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=6058"},"modified":"2020-05-11T19:05:09","modified_gmt":"2020-05-11T12:05:09","slug":"ruou-etylic","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/ruou-etylic\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u01b0\u1ee3u Etylic"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic hay c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 etanol, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u1eb1m trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ancol, d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic C2H5OH l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, trong su\u1ed1t, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, v\u1ecb cay.<\/p>\n

S\u00f4i \u1edf 78,3 \u0111\u1ed9 C, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00f3a r\u1eafn \u1edf -114,15 \u0111\u1ed9 C<\/p>\n

H\u00fat \u1ea9m, d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, khi ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh da tr\u1eddi. Etanol c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 h\u01a1i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 1,36242 .<\/p>\n

Tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 iot, benzen, tan trong este v\u00e0 clorofrom,…<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ml r\u01b0\u1ee3u nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong 100ml h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u =VC2H5OHV(C2H5OH+H2O) *100 (V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 l\u00edt ho\u1eb7c ml).<\/p>\n

\"T\u00ednh
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \u2013 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi say x\u1ec9n :))<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t dung m\u00f4i<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i linh ho\u1ea1t, etanol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: axit axetic, axeton, benzen, toluen, etylen glycol, cloroform,.. ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hydrocacbon b\u00e9o nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 pentan v\u00e0 hexan.<\/p>\n

\"R\u01b0\u1ee3u
R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n

CH3-CH2-OH : c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cacbon \u1edf nh\u00f3m metyl (C<\/span>H<\/span>3<\/span>-)<\/span> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi cacbon \u1edf nh\u00f3m metylen ( -C<\/span>H<\/span>2<\/span>-)<\/span>, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi oxy c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m hydroxyl.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c dimetyl ete.<\/p>\n

Etanol hay r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ancol m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 C2H6O<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic c\u00f3 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00f3m OH.Ch\u00ednh nh\u00f3m -OH kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Butadien<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m, kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

2C2H5OH + 2Na \u2192 2C2H5ONa+ H2<\/p>\n

(Natri etylat)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi axit axetic (m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa etilen r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit axetic)<\/p>\n

C2H5OH+CH3COOH \u2192 CH3COOC2H5 + H2O<\/p>\n

(etyl axetat)<\/p>\n

\"\"
Axit axetic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: axit, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y<\/h3>\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u xanh, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C2H5OH+ 3O2 \u21922CO2+3H2O<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\"Bartender<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ri\u00eang<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra butadien-1,3. Cho h\u01a1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111i qua ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

2C2H5OH \u2192CH2=CH-CH=CH2 \u00a0+2H2O +H2<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m: oxy h\u00f3a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic b\u1eb1ng oxi c\u00f3 men gi\u1ea5m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 25 \u0111\u1ed9 C<\/p>\n

CH3-CH2-OH + O2 \u2192CH3-COOH+H2O<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic<\/h2>\n

L\u00ean men t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Tinh b\u1ed9t<\/strong> \u00a0((C6H10O5)n) + nH2O \u21922nCO2+2nC2H5OH ( \u0111k p\u01b0: l\u00ean men)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> (C6H10O6)\u2192 2CO2+2C2H5OH<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia, cao su t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, axit axetic.<\/li>\n
  2. D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 pha ch\u1ebf vecni, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa.<\/li>\n
  3. Ngo\u00e0i ra etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ed3n (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi x\u0103ng) v\u00e0 trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  4. Dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 70% etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf. C\u00e1c gel v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 62%. Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng etanol \u1edf dung d\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng 70%, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n hay th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. Etanol gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protein c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan lipit c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i virus nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0o t\u1eed vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic (etanol)<\/h2>\n

    Etyl este<\/h3>\n

    CH3CH2OH+RCOOH \u2192RCOOCH2CH3+ H2O<\/p>\n

    Hai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00a0etyl acrylat v\u00e0 etyl axetat.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etyl axetat t\u1eeb axit axetic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    D\u1ea5m<\/h3>\n

    L\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch lo\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a axit axetic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Acetobacter tr\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch etanol. D\u1ea5m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ea5m ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m da v\u1ecb hay th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    D\u1ea5m Tinh Luy\u1ec7n Tasty, Gi\u00e1 5 ng\u00e0n 1 chai<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Etylamin<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

    R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic hay c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 etanol, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u1eb1m trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ancol, d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ed3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[765],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/6058"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6058"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/6058\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=6058"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=6058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}