{"id":4690,"date":"2020-04-20T18:22:26","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T11:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4690"},"modified":"2020-04-20T18:28:18","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T11:28:18","slug":"lap-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/lap-phuong-trinh-hoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ra sao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn \u0111i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/h4>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tham gia s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.
\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: t\u00ecm h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.
\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cao b\u1eb1ng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u01b0 SO4 hay OH … th\u00ec coi c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e1o h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1:<\/em> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Khi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (H2, O2, C12, N2\u2026) d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc.
\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hay nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ch\u1ea5t tham gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong PUHH.
\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1:<\/em> \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean hay ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 sao cho s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf hai v\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eed m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.
\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb5n l\u1ebb:<\/em> M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u1ebf tr\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb5n th\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf v\u1ebf kia ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb5n. N\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u1ebb th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i.
\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 chung nh\u1ea5t:<\/em> Ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.
\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng electron:<\/em> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u1eed. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00eanm nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u1eed, s\u1ed1 electron do ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 electron do ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a thu.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng khi l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i 1: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/p>\n

1) Cu(OH)2 + HCl \u2192 CuCl2 + H2O
\n2) FeO + HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2O
\n3) Cu(NO3)2 + NaOH \u2192 Cu(OH)2 + NaNO3
\n4) N2 + O2 \u2192 NO
\n5) NO2 + O2 + H2O \u2192 HNO3
\n6) N2O5 + H2O \u2192 HNO3
\n7) Al2 (SO4)3 + NaOH \u2192 Al(OH)3 + Na2SO4
\n8) CaO + H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2
\n9) Na + H3PO4 \u2192 Na2HPO4 + H2
\n10) Na + H3PO4 \u2192 NaH2PO4 + H2
\n11) C4H10 + O2 \u2192 CO2 + H2O
\n12) C6H5OH + Na \u2192 C6H5ONa + H2<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n

1) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2 + 2H2O
\n2) FeO + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2O
\n3) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH \u2192 Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
\n4) N2 + O2 \u2192 2NO
\n5) 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O \u2192 4HNO3
\n6) N2O5 + H2O \u2192 2HNO3
\n7) Al2 (SO4)3 + 6NaOH \u2192 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4
\n8) CaO + H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2
\n9) 2Na + H3PO4 \u2192 Na2HPO4 + H2
\n10) 2Na + 2H3PO4 \u2192 2NaH2PO4 + H2
\n11) 2C4H10 + 13O2 \u2192 8CO2 + 10H2O
\n12) 2 C6H5OH + 2Na \u2192 2C6H5ONa + H2<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/strong> Hi v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean BacDau.Vn<\/strong> nh\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ra sao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn \u0111i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4690"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4690\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4690"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}