{"id":4675,"date":"2020-04-20T16:08:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T09:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4675"},"modified":"2020-04-20T16:08:31","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T09:08:31","slug":"dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/dac-diem-cua-hop-chat-huu-co\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/h2>\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1eady H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1?<\/strong> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ra sao? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/h3>\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cacbon, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t cacbon. M\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 CO, CO2 hay H2CO3 …<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 CH4 – metan, C2H50H – R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic hay C3H6, C4H8, ngo\u00e0i ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 protein hay ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

+ Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cacbon<\/h4>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean bacdau.vn<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00ec h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c cacbon, v\u00e0 theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec trong cacbon lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 IV, Oxi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II v\u00e0 hidro s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 \u1edf trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a cacbon ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

+ M\u1ea1ch cacbon<\/h4>\n

M\u1ea1ch cacbon l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng, m\u1ea1ch th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ea1ch cacbon \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon, v\u00e0 khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00fang ,b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

+ S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/h4>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t hay h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/h3>\n

+ Hi\u0111rocacbon<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb C ( cacbon) v\u00e0 H ( Hidro ), v\u00e0 hidrocacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

– Hi\u0111rocacbon no: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n nh\u01b0 CH4 hay C2H6
\n– Hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 C2H2
\n– Hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong v\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t benzen nh\u01b0 C6H6<\/p>\n

+ D\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon<\/strong> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf ngueyen t\u1eed Hidro ban \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thay v\u00e0o l\u00e0 Oxi, Nitow hay Halogen … V\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hidrocacbon th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ete hay amin v\u00e0 polime …<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/strong>. Hi v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean BacDau.Vn<\/strong> nh\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1eady H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1? c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ra sao? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4675"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4675\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4675"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}