{"id":4658,"date":"2020-04-20T15:53:43","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4658"},"modified":"2020-04-20T15:53:43","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:53:43","slug":"vai-tro-va-tinh-chat-cua-nhom","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/vai-tro-va-tinh-chat-cua-nhom\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f4m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f4m<\/h2>\n

Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f4m th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eady, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m<\/strong> ra sao v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong> M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn<\/strong> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m<\/h3>\n

Nh\u00f4m thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng kim lo\u1ea1i,<\/em> c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n

\u1ede trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec nh\u00f4m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi oxygen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi g\u1eb7p nh\u00f4m \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

– Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, nh\u00f4m \u1edf d\u1ea1ng Al203.2Si02.2H20
\n– \u1ede trong mica c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t:K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O.
\n– Trong Boxit: Al2O3.nH2O.
\n– Trong criolit Criolit: 3NaF.AlF3 hay (Na3AlF6).<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m<\/h3>\n

+ V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 600 \u0111\u1ed9 Criolit
\nNh\u00f4m ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 d\u00e1t m\u1ecfng nh\u00f4m. Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 klg=27.<\/p>\n

+ Ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, cho n\u00ean nh\u00f4m ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxi tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00f4m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi kim kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra mu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl hay S.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 2Al+3O2\u2192Al2O3
\n2Al+3Cl2\u21922AlCl3
\n2Al+3S\u2192Al2S3<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1edbp oxit th\u00ec nh\u00f4m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 l\u1edbp oxit tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra Al(OH)3 v\u00e0 H2<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 2Al+6H2O\u21922Al(OH)3+3H2<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit:<\/strong> Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i dung d\u1ecbch axit nh\u01b0 sau: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 … \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Hidro.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 2Al+6HCl\u21922AlCl3+3H2
\n2Al+3H2SO4\u2192Al2(SO4)3+3H2<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1<\/strong> s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hidroxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: Al+NaOH+H2O\u2192NaAlO2+1,5H2<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m th\u00ec th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch nh\u00f4m trong qu\u1eb7ng boxit c\u00f3 l\u1eabn SiO2 v\u00e0 Fe2O3. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang Al2O3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y Al2O3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t criolit Na3AlF6. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eed 2050 xu\u1ed1ng 900 \u0111\u1ed9 C \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ion ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho oxi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1ecf m\u00e1y bay, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, m\u1ecfng, nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. \u1ede trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t, th\u00ec nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i, vung, soong, ch\u1ea3o, c\u1eeda hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n … Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u00f4m c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (nh\u01b0 cr\u00f4m hay Von farm)<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m<\/strong> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam 1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean Bacdau.vn!<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f4m th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eady, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m ra sao v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4658"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4658\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4658"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}