{"id":4654,"date":"2020-04-20T15:51:01","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:51:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4654"},"modified":"2020-04-20T15:51:01","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:51:01","slug":"hop-kim-cua-sat","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/hop-kim-cua-sat\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/strong> th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u1eady h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft ra sao? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn<\/strong> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n

H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eaft. H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft l\u00e0 khi m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1eaft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, hay nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. H\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n

+ Gang:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Cacbon, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec cacbon chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 5% t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong gang c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i, gang tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 gang x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gang tr\u1eafng<\/em> th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt cacbon v\u00e0 silic nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p.
\n– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gang x\u00e1m<\/em> th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u cacbon v\u00e0 silic nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f2n nh\u01b0 gang tr\u1eafng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, gang x\u00e1m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7 m\u00e1y hay \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang th\u00ec nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CO l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u00e1c oxit s\u1eaft tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh s\u1eaft nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

+ Th\u00e9p:<\/strong> C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gang th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a cacbon, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra \u1edf th\u00e9p c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c silic hay mangan … trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 0,01 \u0111\u1ebfn 2% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong gang. Trong th\u00e9p c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i, th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt cacbon, silic v\u00e0 mangan … cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.
\n– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/em> th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u cacbon, silic v\u00e0 mangan … cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p th\u00ec nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CaO v\u00e0 oxi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p li\u1ec7u Th\u00e9p<\/h3>\n

+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bet-x\u01a1-me:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p trong l\u00f2 kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 l\u00ea. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o gang l\u1ecfng qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong gang. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bet-x\u01a1-me n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhanh, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 luy\u1ec7n ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mac-tanh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p t\u1eeb gang, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 ti\u1ebfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, cho n\u00ean nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi bet-x\u01a1-me th\u00ec \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a mac-tanh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n th\u00e1p t\u1eeb l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n, khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1c than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gang l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung t\u00edch nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft<\/strong>. Hi v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean BacDau.Vn<\/strong> nh\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u1eady h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft l\u00e0 g\u00ec? c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft ra sao? M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi bacdau.vn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4654"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4654\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4654"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}