{"id":4626,"date":"2020-04-20T15:39:48","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:39:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4626"},"modified":"2020-04-20T16:28:17","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T09:28:17","slug":"tinh-chat-hoa-hoc-cua-axit","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/tinh-chat-hoa-hoc-cua-axit\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Axit. V\u1eady axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>? t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit?<\/strong> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i axit quan tr\u1ecdng? T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bacdau.vn<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a axit<\/h3>\n

Axit ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede axit c\u00f3 v\u1ecb chua, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 : HxAy, \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a axit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 7, khi \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a axit c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, axit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

+ Axit m\u1ea1nh: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4,\u2026
\n+ Axit y\u1ebfu: H2S , H2CO3<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit<\/h3>\n

+ T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec axit s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111i hidrio<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: HCl+Fe\u2192FeCl2+H2<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi axit HNO3 v\u00e0 axit sunfuric th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

+ T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1;<\/strong> khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trung ho\u00e0<\/p>\n

+ T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxit baz\u01a1:<\/strong> s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: Fe2O3+6HCl\u21922FeCl3+3H2O<\/em><\/p>\n

+ T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i:<\/strong> khi axit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 axit m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00ed d\u1ee5: BaCl2+H2SO4\u2192BaSO4+2HCl<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i axit quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n

+ Axit Clohidric ( HCl ):<\/strong> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 2 lo\u1ea1i axit v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i clorua hay t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Axit HCl th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 dung dich b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 nh\u01b0 hidrio clorua.<\/p>\n

+ Axit sunfuric ( H2S04 ):<\/strong> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 HCl th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. H2S04 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 98%, Klg = 1,83g\/cm3, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi da ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit<\/strong>. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean Bacdau.vn<\/strong> nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Axit. V\u1eady axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit? v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i axit quan tr\u1ecdng? T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bacdau.vn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4626\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4626"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}