{"id":4617,"date":"2020-04-20T15:37:04","date_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4617"},"modified":"2020-04-20T15:37:04","modified_gmt":"2020-04-20T08:37:04","slug":"hien-tuong-mua-axit","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/hien-tuong-mua-axit\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit<\/h2>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ef3 b\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady m\u01b0a axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit? t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a axit?<\/strong> T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bacdau.vn<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01b0a axit<\/h3>\n

M\u01b0a axit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a axit, khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 axit hay \u0111\u1ed9 chua trong \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u01b0a axit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng pH. \u1ede trong dung d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec pH =7, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 pH nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 6,5 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, khi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 axit t\u1eeb Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i SO2 v\u00e0 NO t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh axit sunfuric ((H2SO4)) v\u00e0 axit Nitric (HNO3). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: s\u1ef1 phun tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng hay s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t. Khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 v\u00e0 NOx s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit<\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec \u1edf trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, v\u00e0 \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nit\u01a1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0:l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit (SO2) v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 \u0111ioxit (NO2). C\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tan v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c axit sunfuric (H2SO4) v\u00e0 axit nitric(HNO3).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i bacdau.vn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 pH, khi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH d\u01b0\u1edbi 6,5 th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit, khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chua, k\u00e8m theo axit … \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

+ Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh:<\/strong>
\nS + O2 \u2192 SO2;
\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong kh\u00ed oxi s\u1ebd sinh ra l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt.
\nSO2 + OH\u00b7 \u2192 HOSO2\u00b7;
\nPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111i\u00f4x\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c hi\u0111r\u00f4xit.
\nHOSO2\u00b7 + O2 \u2192 HO2\u00b7 + SO3;
\nPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c HOSO2\u00b7 v\u00e0 O2 s\u1ebd cho ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c HO2\u00b7 v\u00e0 SO3 (l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh tri\u00f4x\u00edt).
\nSO3(k) + H2O(l) \u2192 H2SO4(l);
\nL\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh tri\u00f4x\u00edt SO3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ax\u00edt sulfuric H2SO4. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a ax\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Nit\u01a1:<\/strong>
\nN2 + O2 \u2192 2NO;
\n2NO + O2 \u2192 2NO2;
\n3NO2(k) + H2O(l) \u2192 2HNO3(l) + NO(k);
\nAx\u00edt nitric HNO3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a ax\u00edt.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a axit \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h4>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eedi. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0a axit \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3. Khi nh\u00fang gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf hay h\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 axit.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0a axit<\/strong> ngo\u00e0i g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u axit trong sinh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eafm, gi\u1eb7t\u2026. c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y vi\u00eam da<\/strong>, m\u1ea9n ng\u1ee9a, n\u1ea5m<\/strong>\u2026..C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u201cng\u1ea5m\u201d m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, hay kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026. g\u00e2y ra r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1n \u0103n, \u0111au b\u1ee5ng\u2026. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n

Hi v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit<\/strong> c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a axit \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Hi v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat vui v\u1ebb b\u00ean bacdau.vn<\/strong> nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean k\u1ef3 b\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady m\u01b0a axit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a axit? t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a axit? T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bacdau.vn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4617"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4617"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4617\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4617"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}