{"id":4511,"date":"2020-04-18T21:37:24","date_gmt":"2020-04-18T14:37:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4511"},"modified":"2023-08-29T18:25:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T11:25:52","slug":"cong-thuc-tinh-nong-do-mol","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/cong-thuc-tinh-nong-do-mol\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 8"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 <\/span>c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol<\/b> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m <\/span>c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol<\/b>, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 mol hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span><\/h2>\n

S\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Mol l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 6,022.1023 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 SI.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol:<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: mol)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb:g)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • M l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol ch\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb :g\/mol)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • P l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: atm)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: l\u00edt)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • R l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 (= 0.082)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 = 273 + t (K)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • C l\u00e0 N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch (M)<\/span><\/li>\n
  • V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: l\u00edt)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h2>\n

    N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Trong b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd cho ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 gam ch\u1ea5t tan \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 trong 100 gam dung d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C%.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C l\u00e0 N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch (M)<\/span><\/li>\n
    • V l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb: l\u00edt)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n

      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g) l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Mol th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 M.<\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol d\u01b0:
      \n<\/b>-D\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol<\/b> d\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n d\u01b0 l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.
      \n-Khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

      S\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0 = T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol b\u00e0i cho \u2013 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 4,0 mol h\u1ea1t tan trong 8,0 lit dung d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o\u00a0 th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch 0,5 M, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 0,5 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gam (“0,5 molar”).<\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol<\/span><\/h3>\n

      B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: Cho 14,4 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch khi h\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 31,6g KMnO4 trong \u0111\u00f3<\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

      Ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a KMnO4 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0nKMnO4 = 31,6\/15,8=0,2 (mol)<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 : Cm=0,2\/31,6=0,0139<\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2: T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch khi h\u00f2a tan 32 gam NaOH v\u00e0o trong 400ml n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

      L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i :<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed5i: 400ml =0,4 l\u00edt<\/span><\/p>\n

      nNaOH = 32\/80= 0,4 mol<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol:<\/span><\/p>\n

      C%= ( CMxM)\/(10xD)<\/span><\/p>\n

      Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

      CM=n<\/span><\/p>\n

      V=0,8:0,4= 2M<\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <\/span>c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol<\/b> c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 8. Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      H\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 mol hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"kbtopic":[764],"kbtag":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4511"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4511"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8228,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/4511\/revisions\/8228"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=4511"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=4511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}