{"id":4253,"date":"2020-04-16T20:16:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T13:16:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/?post_type=kb&p=4253"},"modified":"2020-04-23T18:35:42","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T11:35:42","slug":"cong-thuc-hoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/bacdau.vn\/kb\/cong-thuc-hoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc sinh trung h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng"},"content":{"rendered":"
H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u1ecdc sinh. Trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, h\u00f4m nay trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, bacdau.vn s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Mol l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 mol, b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/span><\/p>\n N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m:<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a Ancol no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf: CnH(2n+2)O2<\/span><\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH2nO<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH2nO2<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:\u00a0 CnH2nO2<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH2nO<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH(2n+3)N<\/span><\/p>\n – Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: B\u00e0i to\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 trieste<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 tri este\u00a0 = <\/span><\/p>\n – Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: B\u00e0i to\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ete \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n ancol \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c,<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 ete\u00a0 =\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 C c\u1ee7a ete no, ancol no hay ankan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y:<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ed1 C\u00a0 = \u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3\u00a0 n HO\u00a0 > n CO\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 hay v\u00f4 c\u01a1, m\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng to\u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bacdau.vn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 8 cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n Xem th\u00eam:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol (n)<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ancol<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a andehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n axit cacboxylic\u00a0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a xeton \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf<\/b><\/h2>\n
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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n amin\u00a0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf<\/b><\/h2>\n
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Khi Glixerol t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n axit b\u00e9o<\/b><\/h2>\n
T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 C c\u1ee7a ete no, ancol no hay ankan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y<\/b><\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n